zayyana
Nufin buƙatun ɓarkewar zafi na na'urorin wutar lantarki na lantarki, an yi nazarin fasahar musayar zafi na radiyo masu sanyaya iska don sanyaya su cikin zurfi.Dangane da halaye na tsari da buƙatun fasaha na radiyo mai sanyaya iska don sanyaya na'urar wutar lantarki, ana aiwatar da gwaje-gwajen aikin thermal na radiyo mai sanyaya iska tare da sifofi daban-daban, kuma ana amfani da software na lissafin simulation don tabbatarwa na taimako.A ƙarshe, a ƙarƙashin sakamakon gwajin hawan zafin jiki guda ɗaya, an kwatanta halayen radiyo masu sanyaya iska tare da sifofi daban-daban dangane da asarar matsa lamba, rarrabuwar zafi a kowace juzu'in naúrar, da daidaiton yanayin zafin na'urar hawa saman na'urar wutar lantarki.Sakamakon binciken yana ba da tunani don ƙira irin wannan tsarin na'urorin sanyaya iska.
Mahimman kalmomi:radiator;sanyaya iska;aikin thermal;yawan zafin zafi
0 Gabatarwa
Tare da ci gaban kimiyya na kimiyyar lantarki da fasaha, aikace-aikacen na'urorin wutar lantarki ya fi yawa.Abin da ke ƙayyade rayuwar sabis da aikin na'urorin lantarki shine aikin na'urar da kanta, da kuma yanayin yanayin aiki na na'urar lantarki, wato ƙarfin canja wurin zafi na radiator da ake amfani da shi don watsar da zafi daga na'urar lantarki.A halin yanzu, a cikin kayan lantarki na lantarki tare da ƙarancin zafi mai zafi ƙasa da 4 W / cm2, ana amfani da yawancin tsarin sanyaya iska.zafin rana.
Zhang Liangjuan et al.ya yi amfani da FloTHERM don gudanar da wasan kwaikwayo na thermal na samfurori masu sanyaya iska, kuma ya tabbatar da amincin sakamakon kwaikwayo tare da sakamakon gwajin gwaji, kuma ya gwada aikin zafi na faranti daban-daban na sanyi a lokaci guda.
Yang Jingshan ya zaɓi na'urori masu sanyaya iska guda uku (wato, radiators madaidaiciya, radiators tashoshi rectangular cike da kumfa na ƙarfe, da radial fin radiators) a matsayin abubuwan bincike, kuma ya yi amfani da software na CFD don haɓaka ƙarfin wutar lantarki na radiators.Kuma inganta ingantaccen aikin kwarara da canja wurin zafi.
Wang Changchang da sauransu sun yi amfani da software na simintin simintin zafi na FLoTHERM don ƙididdigewa da ƙididdige aikin watsawar zafi na radiyo mai sanyaya iska, haɗe tare da bayanan gwaji don nazarin kwatancen, kuma sun yi nazarin tasirin sigogi kamar saurin iska mai sanyaya, yawan haƙora da ƙari. tsawo akan aikin zubar da zafi na iska mai sanyaya radiator.
Shao Qiang et al.an yi nazari a taƙaice ma'aunin iskar da ake buƙata don sanyaya iska ta tilas ta hanyar ɗaukar radiyo mai finned rectangular a matsayin misali;dangane da tsarin tsarin radiator da ka'idodin injiniyoyi na ruwa, an samo ma'aunin ƙimar juriya na iska na bututun iska mai sanyaya;haɗe tare da taƙaitaccen bincike na yanayin yanayin PQ na fan, ainihin wurin aiki da ƙarar iska na fan za a iya samu cikin sauri.
Pan Shujie ya zaɓi radiyo mai sanyaya iska don bincike, kuma a taƙaice yayi bayanin matakan ƙididdige zafin zafi, zaɓin radiyo, ƙididdige zafin zafin iska mai sanyaya da zaɓin fan a cikin ƙirar yanayin zafi, kuma ya kammala ƙirar radiyo mai sauƙi mai sanyaya iska.Yin amfani da software na simintin thermal na ICEPAK, Liu Wei et al.an gudanar da nazarin kwatancen hanyoyin ƙira guda biyu na rage nauyi don radiators (ƙara tazarar fin da rage tsayin fin).Wannan takarda ta gabatar da tsari da aikin watsar da zafi na bayanin martaba, haƙoran haƙori da faranti-fin iska mai sanyaya radiyo bi da bi.
1 Tsarin radiyo mai sanyaya iska
1.1 Radiator masu sanyaya iska da aka saba amfani da su
Radiator mai sanyaya iska na gama-gari yana samuwa ne ta hanyar sarrafa ƙarfe, kuma iska mai sanyaya tana gudana ta cikin ladiyo don watsar da zafin na'urar zuwa yanayin yanayi.Daga cikin kayan ƙarfe na yau da kullun, azurfa yana da mafi girman tasirin thermal na 420 W / m * K, amma yana da tsada;
Ƙarfin wutar lantarki na jan karfe shine 383 W / m · K, wanda yake kusa da matakin azurfa, amma fasahar sarrafawa yana da rikitarwa, farashi yana da girma kuma nauyin yana da nauyi;
Ƙarfafawar thermal na 6063 aluminum gami shine 201 W / m · K. Yana da arha, yana da halaye masu kyau na sarrafawa, jiyya mai sauƙi, da babban farashi.
Sabili da haka, kayan na yau da kullun na yau da kullun masu sanyaya iska suna amfani da wannan gami na aluminum.Hoto na 1 yana nuna magudanan ruwan sanyi guda biyu na gama gari.Hanyoyi masu sanyaya iska da aka fi amfani da su sun haɗa da masu zuwa:
(1) Aluminum gami zane da forming, da zafi canja wuri yanki da naúrar girma iya isa game da 300 m2/m3, da hanyoyin kwantar da hankali sune sanyaya na halitta da kuma tilasta sanyaya iska;
(2) The zafi nutse da substrate an inlated tare, da zafi nutse da substrate za a iya haɗa ta riveting, epoxy guduro bonding, brazing waldi, soldering da sauran matakai.Bugu da ƙari, kayan abu na substrate kuma na iya zama ƙarfe na jan karfe.Wurin canja wurin zafi a kowace juzu'in naúrar zai iya kaiwa kusan 500 m2 / m3, kuma hanyoyin kwantar da hankali sune sanyaya yanayi da sanyaya tilastawa;
(3) Haƙori na shebur, irin wannan radiator na iya kawar da juriya na thermal tsakanin ma'aunin zafi da ƙasa, nisa tsakanin ma'aunin zafi zai iya zama ƙasa da 1.0 mm, kuma wurin canja wurin zafi a kowace juzu'i na iya kaiwa kusan 2 500. m2/m3.Ana nuna hanyar sarrafawa a cikin hoto 2, kuma hanyar sanyaya ta tilasta sanyaya iska.
Hoto 1. Ruwan sanyi mai sanyaya iska da aka saba amfani da shi
Hoto 2. Hanyar sarrafawa na shebur hakori mai sanyaya iska mai sanyi
1.2 Plate-fin iska mai sanyaya radiyo
Radiator mai sanyayawar farantin fin iskar wani nau'in radiyo ne mai sanyaya iska wanda aka sarrafa ta hanyar brazing na sassa da yawa.Ya kunshi sassa uku ne kamar su kwandon zafi, farantin hakarkari da farantin gindi.An nuna tsarinsa a cikin Hoto na 3. Ƙaƙƙarfan sanyi na iya ɗaukar filaye masu lebur, ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa, ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa da sauran sassa.Yin la'akari da tsarin waldawa na haƙarƙari, 3 jerin kayan aluminum an zaba don haƙarƙari, zafi mai zafi da tushe don tabbatar da walƙiya na farantin karfe-fin iska mai sanyaya radiyo.Wurin canja wurin zafi a kowane juzu'i na farantin-fin iska mai sanyaya radiyo zai iya kaiwa kusan 650 m2/m3, kuma hanyoyin kwantar da hankali sune sanyaya yanayi da sanyaya sanyaya tilas.
Hoto 3. Plate-fin iska mai sanyaya radiyo
2 Thermal aiki na daban-daban iska sanyaya radiatorsv
2.1Yawanci amfani da profile masu sanyaya iska mai sanyaya
2.1.1 Halittar zafi mai zafi
Radiator masu sanyaya iska da aka fi amfani da su galibi suna sanyaya na'urorin lantarki ta hanyar sanyaya yanayi, kuma aikin ɓarkewar zafinsu ya dogara ne akan kaurin filayen zafin zafi, da tsayin fins, da tsayin fins ɗin zafi. tare da shugabanci na sanyaya iska kwarara.Don zubar da zafi na yanayi, mafi girma mafi girma da tasiri mai tasiri na zafi, mafi kyau.Hanyar da ta fi dacewa ita ce rage tazarar fin da ƙara yawan fins, amma rata tsakanin fins yana da ƙananan isa ya shafi iyakar iyaka na convection na halitta.Da zarar iyakar iyakokin bangon fin da ke kusa da su sun haɗu, saurin iska tsakanin fins zai ragu sosai, kuma tasirin watsar da zafi shima zai ragu sosai.Ta hanyar ƙididdige ƙididdigewa da gano gwaji na aikin thermal na radiyo mai sanyaya iska, lokacin da tsayin zafin zafi ya kasance 100 mm kuma yawan zafin zafi shine 0.1 W / cm2, Ana nuna tasirin tasirin zafi na tazarar fin daban-daban a cikin Hoto 4. Mafi kyawun nesa na fim shine kusan 8.0 mm.Idan tsawon fins ɗin sanyaya ya ƙaru, mafi kyawun tazarar fin zai zama mafi girma.
Hoto.4.Dangantaka tsakanin zafin jiki na substrate da tazarar fin
2.1.2 Tilastawa convection sanyaya
Siffofin tsarin injin radiyo masu sanyaya iska sune tsayin fin 98 mm, tsayin fin 400 mm, kauri na fin 4 mm, tazarar fin 4 mm, da sanyaya iska-kan saurin 8 m/s.Radiator mai sanyaya iska tare da yawan zafin zafi na 2.38 W/cm2an yi gwajin hawan zafin jiki.Sakamakon gwajin ya nuna cewa yawan zafin jiki na radiator shine 45 K, asarar matsa lamba na iska mai sanyaya shine 110 Pa, kuma zafi a kowace juzu'i shine 245 kW / m.3.Bugu da ƙari, daidaitattun kayan aikin wutar lantarki yana hawa saman ƙasa ba shi da kyau, kuma bambancin zafinsa ya kai kimanin 10 ° C.A halin yanzu, don magance wannan matsala, yawanci ana binne bututun zafi na tagulla a kan wurin da aka sanya na'urar sanyaya iska, ta yadda za a iya inganta daidaiton yanayin wutar lantarki ta hanyar shimfida bututun zafi, kuma tasirin ba a bayyane yake a tsaye ba.Idan aka yi amfani da fasahar ɗakin tururi a cikin ƙasa, za'a iya sarrafa daidaiton yanayin zafin jiki gaba ɗaya na ɓangaren wutar lantarki a cikin 3 ° C, kuma za'a iya rage hawan zafin zafin zuwa wani ɗan lokaci.Ana iya rage wannan yanki na gwaji da kusan 3 ° C.
Yin amfani da software na lissafin thermal simulation software, a ƙarƙashin yanayin waje guda ɗaya, ana yin lissafin simulation na madaidaiciyar haƙori da ƙugiya masu sanyaya, kuma an nuna sakamakon a cikin Hoto 5. Zazzabi na saman saman na'urar wutar lantarki tare da sanyaya haƙori madaidaiciya. fins yana da 153.5 ° C, kuma na corrugated fins sanyaya shine 133.5 ° C.Sabili da haka, ƙarfin sanyaya wutar lantarki mai sanyaya iska mai sanyaya ya fi na na'urar sanyaya iska mai haƙora madaidaiciya, amma daidaituwar yanayin zafin jiki na fin jikin biyu yana da ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarfi, wanda ke da tasiri mafi girma akan aikin sanyaya. na radiator.
Hoto.5.Wurin zafin jiki na madaidaicin fins da corrugated
2.2 Plate-fin iska mai sanyaya radiyo
Siffofin tsarin na farantin-fin iska mai sanyaya radiyo sune kamar haka: tsayin sashin iska shine 100 mm, tsayin fins shine 240 mm, tazara tsakanin fins shine 4 mm, saurin gudu na kai. na iska mai sanyaya 8 m / s, kuma yawan zafin zafi shine 4.81 W / cm2.Hawan zafin jiki shine 45 ° C, asarar matsa lamba mai sanyaya shine 460 Pa, kuma zubar da zafi a kowace juzu'i shine 374 kW / m3.Idan aka kwatanta da na'urar sanyaya mai sanyaya iska, ƙarfin watsar da zafi a kowace juzu'in naúrar yana ƙaruwa da kashi 52.7%, amma hasarar iska kuma ta fi girma.
2.3 Radiator mai sanyaya iska mai shebur
Don fahimtar aikin thermal na felu-haƙori na aluminum, tsayin fin shine 15 mm, tsayin fin shine 150 mm, kauri na fin shine 1 mm, tazarar fin shine 1 mm, da iska mai sanyaya gaba. gudun shine 5.4m/s.Radiator mai sanyaya iska mai shebur-haƙori tare da yawan zafin zafi na 2.7 W/cm2an yi gwajin hawan zafin jiki.Sakamakon gwajin ya nuna cewa zafin jiki na wutar lantarki mai hawa surface shine 74.2 ° C, hauhawar zafin jiki na radiator shine 44.8K, asarar iska mai sanyaya shine 460 Pa, kuma zubar da zafi a kowace juzu'i ya kai 4570 kW / m3.
3 Kammalawa
Ta hanyar sakamakon gwajin da ke sama, za a iya cimma sakamako masu zuwa.
(1) Ƙaƙƙarfan sanyi na radiyo mai sanyaya iska an jera shi ta babba da ƙasa: shebur-haƙori mai sanyaya iska mai sanyaya, farantin-fin iska mai sanyaya radiyo, radiyo mai sanyaya iska, da radiator madaidaiciyar haƙori mai sanyaya iska.
(2) Bambancin zafin jiki tsakanin fis a cikin iska mai sanyaya mai sanyaya iska da kuma madaidaiciyar haƙori mai sanyaya iska yana da girma sosai, wanda ke da tasiri mai girma akan ƙarfin sanyaya na radiator.
(3) Radiator mai sanyaya iska na halitta yana da mafi kyawun tazarar fin, wanda za'a iya samu ta hanyar gwaji ko ƙididdigewa.
(4) Saboda ƙarfin sanyi mai ƙarfi na felu-hakori mai sanyaya iska mai sanyaya, ana iya amfani da shi a cikin kayan lantarki tare da ƙarancin zafi na gida.
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Marubuta: Sun Yuanbang, Li Feng, Wei Zhiyu, Kong Lijun, Wang Bo, CRRC Dalian Locomotive Research Institute Co., Ltd.
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