abstract
Ngokuhloswe ngezidingo zokukhipha ukushisa kwamandla kagesi kagesi, ubuchwepheshe bokushintshanisa ukushisa kwamaradiyetha apholile emoyeni ukuze zipholise buhlolisiswe ngokujulile.Ngokwezici zesakhiwo kanye nezidingo zobuchwepheshe ze-radiator epholile emoyeni yokupholisa idivayisi yamandla, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza okushisayo kwe-radiator epholile emoyeni enezakhiwo ezahlukene kuyenziwa, futhi isofthiwe yokubala yokulingisa isetshenziselwa ukuqinisekiswa okuyisizayo.Ekugcineni, ngaphansi kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa okufanayo kokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa, izici zamaradiyetha apholise umoya anezakhiwo ezihlukene mayelana nokulahlekelwa kwengcindezi, ukuchithwa kokushisa ngevolumu yeyunithi ngayinye, nokufana kwezinga lokushisa kwezindawo zokukhweza zedivayisi yamandla kwaqhathaniswa.Imiphumela yocwaningo inikeza ireferensi yokwakhiwa kwamaradiyetha esakhiwo afanayo apholise umoya.
Amagama angukhiye:irediyetha;ukupholisa umoya;ukusebenza okushisayo;ukushisa kwe-flux density
0 Isandulelo
Ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi kwesayensi ye-elekthronikhi yamandla nobuchwepheshe, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kagesi kagesi kubanzi kakhulu.Okunquma impilo yesevisi nokusebenza kwemishini ye-elekthronikhi ukusebenza kwedivayisi ngokwayo, kanye nezinga lokushisa elisebenzayo ledivayisi ye-elekthronikhi, okungukuthi, amandla okudlulisa ukushisa kwe-radiator esetshenziselwa ukukhipha ukushisa okuvela kudivayisi ye-elekthronikhi.Njengamanje, kumishini ye-elekthronikhi enamandla ene-heat flux density engaphansi kuka-4 W/cm2, iningi lezinhlelo zokupholisa ezipholile emoyeni ziyasetshenziswa.usinki oshisayo.
UZhang Liangjuan et al.isebenzise i-FloTHERM ukuze iqhube ukulingisa okushisayo kwamamojula apholile emoyeni, futhi yaqinisekisa ukwethembeka kwemiphumela yokulingisa ngemiphumela yokuhlola yokuhlola, futhi yahlola ukusebenza kokukhipha ukushisa kwamapuleti ahlukahlukene abandayo ngesikhathi esisodwa.
U-Yang Jingshan ukhethe amaradiyetha amathathu ajwayelekile apholisa umoya (okungukuthi, amaradiyetha amafin aqondile, amaradiyetha angunxande agcwele igwebu lensimbi, nama-radial fin radiators) njengezinto zocwaningo, futhi wasebenzisa isofthiwe ye-CFD ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla okudlulisa ukushisa kwamaradiyetha.Futhi uthuthukise ukusebenza okuphelele kokugeleza nokudluliswa kokushisa.
U-Wang Changchang nabanye basebenzisa isofthiwe yokulingisa ukushabalalisa ukushisa kwe-FLoTHERM ukuze balingise futhi abale ukusebenza kokukhipha ukushisa kwerediyetha epholile emoyeni, kuhlanganiswe nedatha yokuhlola yokuhlaziya okuqhathanisayo, futhi bahlola umthelela wamapharamitha afana nesivinini somoya opholile, ukuminyana kwamazinyo kanye ukuphakama ekusebenzeni kokukhipha ukushisa kwerediyetha epholile emoyeni.
UShao Qiang et al.ihlaziye kafushane umthamo womoya oyireferensi odingekayo ekupholiseni komoya okuphoqelekile ngokuthatha isibonelo serediyetha enezinsimbi ezinonxande;ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lwesakhiwo se-radiator kanye nemigomo ye-fluid mechanics, ifomula yokulinganisa ukumelana komoya ye-cooling air duct yatholakala;kuhlanganiswe nokuhlaziywa okufushane kwejika lesici se-PQ se-fan, indawo yokusebenza yangempela kanye nevolumu yomoya wokungenisa umoya we-fan ingatholakala ngokushesha.
U-Pan Shujie wakhetha irediyetha epholisa umoya ukuze enze ucwaningo, futhi wachaza kafushane izinyathelo zokubala zokulahla ukushisa, ukukhethwa kwerediyetha, ukubala kokushabalaliswa kokushisa okupholile komoya kanye nokukhethwa kwabalandeli ekwakhiweni kokukhipha ukushisa, futhi waqedela umklamo olula werediyetha opholile.Kusetshenziswa isoftware ye-ICEPAK yokulingisa okushisayo, uLiu Wei et al.yenza ukuhlaziya okuqhathanisayo kwezindlela ezimbili zokuklama zokunciphisa isisindo zama-radiator (ukwandisa isikhala samaphiko kanye nokunciphisa ukuphakama kwamafin).Leli phepha lethula ukwakheka nokusebenza kokukhipha ukushisa kwephrofayili, izinyo le-spade nama-radiator apholile umoya wepuleti-fin ngokulandelana.
1 Isakhiwo serediyetha esipholile emoyeni
1.1 Ama-radiators asetshenziswa kakhulu ngomoya opholile
I-radiator epholile emoyeni evamile yenziwa ngokucutshungulwa kwensimbi, futhi umoya opholile ugeleza ku-radiator ukuze uchithe ukushisa kwedivayisi ye-elekthronikhi endaweni yasemkhathini.Phakathi kwezinto ezivamile zensimbi, isiliva sinokusebenza okuphezulu kakhulu kwe-thermal 420 W / m * K, kodwa kuyabiza;
I-conductivity yokushisa yethusi yi-383 W / m· K, esondelene kakhulu nezinga lesiliva, kodwa ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula bunzima, izindleko ziphezulu futhi isisindo sinzima kakhulu;
I-thermal conductivity ye-6063 aluminium alloy ingu-201 W/m· K. Ishibhile, inezici ezinhle zokucubungula, ukwelashwa okulula kwendawo, nokusebenza kwezindleko eziphezulu.
Ngakho-ke, izinto ezisetshenziswayo zama-radiator akhona manje apholile emoyeni ngokuvamile zisebenzisa le alloy aluminium.Umfanekiso 1 ubonisa amasinki amabili okushisa apholile apholile emoyeni.Izindlela zokucubungula i-radiator epholile ngokujwayelekile zibandakanya lokhu okulandelayo:
(1) Umdwebo we-aluminium alloy nokwenza, indawo yokudlulisa ukushisa ngeyunithi ngayinye ingafinyelela cishe ku-300 m2/m3, futhi izindlela zokupholisa ziwukupholisa kwemvelo nokupholisa umoya ngempoqo;
(2) I-sink yokushisa kanye ne-substrate kuhlanganiswe ndawonye, futhi usinki wokushisa kanye ne-substrate ingaxhunyaniswa nge-riveting, i-epoxy resin bonding, i-brazing welding, i-soldering nezinye izinqubo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto ze-substrate nazo zingaba yi-alloy yethusi.Indawo yokudlulisa ukushisa ngeyunithi ngayinye ingafinyelela cishe ku-500 m2/m3, futhi izindlela zokupholisa ziwukupholisa kwemvelo nokupholisa umoya wokupholisa umoya ngempoqo;
(3) Ukwakheka kwezinyo lefosholo, lolu hlobo lwerediyetha lungaqeda ukumelana nokushisa phakathi kwe-thermal sink kanye ne-substrate, ibanga eliphakathi kosinki wokushisa lingaba ngaphansi kuka-1.0 mm, futhi indawo yokudlulisa ukushisa ngeyunithi ngayinye ingafinyelela cishe ku-2 500 m2/m3.Indlela yokucubungula iboniswa kuMfanekiso 2, futhi indlela yokupholisa iphoqelelwa ukupholisa umoya.
Umfanekiso 1. I-sink yokushisa epholile esetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile
Umfanekiso 2. Indlela yokucubungula i-radiator yezinyo lefosholo elipholise umoya
1.2 Irediyetha ye-Plate-fin epholise umoya
Irediyetha epholisa ipuleti-fin iwuhlobo lwerediyetha epholisa umoya ecutshungulwa ngokubrawuza izingxenye eziningi.Ikakhulukazi yakhiwe izingxenye ezintathu ezifana nosinki wokushisa, ipuleti lezimbambo ne-base plate.Isakhiwo sawo sikhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso 3. Amaphiko okupholisa angathatha amaphiko ayisicaba, amaphiko kathayela, amaphiko anyakazayo nezinye izakhiwo.Uma kucatshangelwa inqubo yokushisela yezimbambo, izinto ezi-3 ze-aluminium eziwuchungechunge zikhethelwa izimbambo, amasinki okushisa nezisekelo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukushisela kwe-radiator epholile umoya we-plate-fin.Indawo yokudlulisa ukushisa ngeyunithi ngayinye yevolumu ye-plate-fin air-cooled radiator ingafinyelela cishe ku-650 m2/m3, futhi izindlela zokupholisa ziwukupholisa kwemvelo kanye nokupholisa umoya ophoqelelwe.
Umfanekiso 3. Irediyetha ye-plate-fin epholise umoya
2 Ukusebenza okushisayo kwama-radiatorsv apholile emoyeni ahlukahlukene
2.1Ngokujwayelekile ama-radiators apholile asetshenzisiwe ephrofayili
2.1.1 Ukukhipha ukushisa kwemvelo
Ama-radiators asetshenziswa kakhulu emoyeni apholile ikakhulukazi ama-electronics apholile ngokupholisa ngokwemvelo, futhi ukusebenza kwawo kokukhipha ukushisa kuncike ikakhulukazi ebukhulu bamaphiko akhipha ukushisa, ukujula kwezimpiko, ubude bamaphiko, nobude bamaphiko akhipha ukushisa. ngasendleleni yokugeleza komoya opholile.Ngokuchithwa kokushisa kwemvelo, indawo enkulu yokukhipha ukushisa ephumelelayo, iba ngcono.Indlela eqondile kakhulu ukunciphisa ukuhlukana kwe-fin nokwandisa inani lamaphiko, kodwa igebe phakathi kwama-fins lincane ngokwanele ukuthi lithinte ungqimba lomngcele we-convection yemvelo.Uma izingqimba zomngcele wezindonga eziseduze ze-fin zihlangana, isivinini somoya phakathi kwama-fins sizokwehla kakhulu, futhi umphumela wokukhipha ukushisa nawo uzokwehla kakhulu.Ngesibalo sokulingisa nokutholwa kokuhlola kokusebenza okushisayo kwerediyetha epholise umoya, lapho ubude befin yokulahla ukushisa bungu-100 mm futhi ukuminyana kokushisa kungu-0.1 W/cm.2, umphumela wokukhipha ukushisa wezikhala ezihlukene ze-fin uboniswa kuMfanekiso 4. Ibanga lefilimu elingcono kakhulu lingaba ngu-8.0 mm.Uma ubude bama-fin okupholisa bukhuphuka, isikhala esilungile se-fin sizoba sikhulu.
Fig.4.Ubudlelwano phakathi kwezinga lokushisa le-substrate kanye nesikhala se-fin
2.1.2 Ukupholisa i-convection ngempoqo
Imingcele yesakhiwo serediyetha epholise umoya kathayela ubude be-fin bungu-98 mm, ubude be-fin bungu-400 mm, ukujiya kwefin 4 mm, isikhala se-fin 4 mm, kanye nesivinini somoya opholile esingu-8 m/s.Irediyetha kathayela epholise umoya enobuningi bokushisa obungu-2.38 W/cm2kwenziwe ukuhlolwa kokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa.Imiphumela yokuhlolwa ibonisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa elikhulayo le-radiator lingu-45 K, ukulahlekelwa kwengcindezi yomoya opholile yi-110 Pa, futhi ukuchithwa kokushisa kweyunithi ngayinye kungu-245 kW / m.3.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufana kwendawo yokufaka ingxenye yamandla kubi, futhi umehluko wawo wokushisa ufinyelela cishe ku-10 °C.Njengamanje, ukuxazulula le nkinga, amapayipi okushisa ethusi avame ukungcwatshwa endaweni yokufaka i-radiator epholile emoyeni, ukuze ukufana kwezinga lokushisa kwendawo yokufaka ingxenye yamandla kuthuthukiswe kakhulu lapho kubekwe ipayipi lokushisa, futhi umphumela awubonakali ngendlela eqondile.Uma ubuchwepheshe begumbi lomhwamuko busetshenziswa ku-substrate, ukufana okuphelele kwezinga lokushisa kwengxenye yamandla okufakwayo kungalawulwa ngaphakathi kuka-3 °C, futhi ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa kukasinki wokushisa nakho kungancishiswa ngezinga elithile.Lesi siqeshana sokuhlola singancishiswa cishe ngo-3 °C.
Kusetshenziswa isofthiwe yokubala i-thermal sekulingisa, ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo zangaphandle, ukubalwa kwekulingisa kwezinyo eliqondile nezinyosi zokupholisa zikathayela kwenziwa, futhi imiphumela iboniswa kuMfanekiso 5. Izinga lokushisa lendawo ekhwezayo yedivayisi yamandla ngokupholisa izinyo eliqondile. amaphiko angu-153.5 °C, kanti awamaphiko okupholisa kathayela angu-133.5 °C.Ngakho-ke, amandla okupholisa erediyetha ephole komoya kathayela angcono kunalawo erediyetha enamazinyo aqondile, kodwa ukufana kwezinga lokushisa kwemizimba emincane yalezi zinto ezimbili kubi kakhulu, okunomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kokupholisa. we-radiator.
Fig.5.Inkambu yezinga lokushisa lamaphiko aqondile nakathayela
2.2 Irediyetha ye-Plate-fin epholise umoya
Imingcele yesakhiwo se-radiator epholile umoya wepuleti-fin imi kanje: ukuphakama kwengxenye yokungenisa umoya kungu-100 mm, ubude bamaphiko buyi-240 mm, isikhala phakathi kwamaphiko ngu-4 mm, isivinini sokugeleza kwekhanda phezulu. womoya opholile ungu-8 m/s, futhi ukuminyana kokushisa kungu-4.81 W/cm2.Ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa ngu-45 ° C, ukulahlekelwa kwengcindezi yomoya opholile kungu-460 Pa, futhi ukuchithwa kokushisa ngevolumu yeyunithi ngayinye kungu-374 kW/m.3.Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-radiator epholile emoyeni enothayela, amandla okukhipha ukushisa ngeyunithi ngayinye akhuphuka ngo-52.7%, kodwa ukulahlekelwa kwengcindezi yomoya nakho kukhulu.
2.3 Irediyetha yezinyo lefosholo epholisa umoya
Ukuze uqonde ukusebenza okushisayo kwerediyetha ye-aluminium yefosholo-izinyo, ukuphakama kwefin kungu-15 mm, ubude be-fin bungu-150 mm, ukushuba kwe-fin ngu-1 mm, isikhala se-fin si-1 mm, futhi umoya opholile ubheke phezulu. isivinini singu-5.4 m/s.Irediyetha yezinyo lefosholo epholise umoya enomthamo wokushisa ongu-2.7 W/cm2kwenziwe ukuhlolwa kokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa.Imiphumela yokuhlolwa ibonisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa le-radiator yamandla okushisa lingama-74.2 ° C, ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa kwe-radiator ngu-44.8K, ukulahlekelwa kwengcindezi yomoya opholile kungu-460 Pa, futhi ukuchithwa kokushisa ngeyunithi ngayinye kufinyelela ku-4570 kW/m.3.
3 Isiphetho
Ngemiphumela yokuhlolwa engenhla, kungafinyelelwa iziphetho ezilandelayo.
(1) Umthamo wokupholisa werediyetha epholisa umoya ihlelwa ngokuphezulu naphansi: irediyetha epholile komoya yefosholo-izinyo, irediyetha epholisa amapuleti-fin, irediyetha epholisa umoya enothayela, kanye nerediyetha enamazinyo aqondile epholisa umoya.
(2) Umehluko wezinga lokushisa phakathi kwamaphiko kurediyetha epholisa umoya kathayela kanye nerediyetha enamazinyo aqondile epholisa umoya mkhulu uma kuqhathaniswa, okunomthelela omkhulu emandleni okupholisa erediyetha.
(3) Irediyetha yemvelo epholise umoya inesikhala esingcono kakhulu se-fin, esingatholwa ngokuhlolwa noma ukubala kwethiyori.
(4) Ngenxa yamandla okupholisa aqinile erediyetha yefosholo-izinyo epholisa umoya, ingasetshenziswa ezintweni zikagesi ezinomthamo omkhulu wokushisa wendawo.
Umthombo: IMechanical and Electrical Engineering Technology Volume 50 Issue 06
Ababhali: Sun Yuanbang, Li Feng, Wei Zhiyu, Kong Lijun, Wang Bo, CRRC Dalian Locomotive Research Institute Co., Ltd.
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