The 17th and 18th centuries were the heyday of the development of hydraulic theory. The hydrostatic pressure transmission theory, modern hydrodynamic lubrication theory, fluid dynamics and other theories formed and matured during this period basically laid the foundation for modern hydraulic theory. And because of the requirements of practical applications, some simple accumulators also appear, such as a weight accumulator with a container full of water as a mass block.
In the latter part of World War II, hydraulic machinery was favored, and the application of hydraulic servo transmission in the military weapon manufacturing industry enabled the development of hydraulic transmission and control technology. Advances in hydraulic control technology, material sealing lubrication technology and automatic control technology have also laid a theoretical foundation for the development of hydraulic control theory. After the war, the technology developed due to military needs gradually turned to the industrial and civilian fields, and began to flourish. That is to say, from this period, the theoretical research on accumulators for mature hydraulic control theory and practical technology has gradually received attention. There are some general-purpose accumulators, such as spring accumulators, more mature weight accumulators and some simple gas accumulators.
Since the 1970s, researchers have begun to pay attention to the research on the basic theory of accumulators (such as parameter selection formulas and frequency calculation formulas, etc.), and continue to develop and improve them. In the late 1970s, the development of automobile energy-saving technology promoted the research of accumulators and accumulator energy-saving technologies, and the energy-saving function of accumulators in hydraulic systems began to attract attention. In the 1980s, the structure, type, form and function of accumulators began to diversify, and the development of various types of accumulators became the main research content. In the 1990s, the development of new computer software, hardware and control technology provided advanced research tools and means for the research of hydraulic systems and intelligent hydraulic components, which put forward new requirements for the research of accumulators.
The development of hydraulic theory and technology is inseparable from the research and development of new hydraulic components. At present, the research work on accumulators at home and abroad generally has the following aspects.
① To adapt to the development of new hydraulic system research, more research has been carried out on technology application. With the development of hydraulic systems in the direction of high pressure, high speed, and high precision, many special systems continue to appear. These systems generally have high requirements for a certain aspect, and the goal cannot be achieved simply by improving other components, so it is necessary to develop a special accumulator as a means. For example for absorbing pulsation. Japan’s Shini-chi YOKOTA has developed a new type of active accumulator, which is driven by a multi-stage PED (Piezo-Electric Device) device, which can effectively eliminate high-frequency pulsation (500-1000Hz) caused by hydraulic components. Another example is a series capsule accumulator developed by Xing Keli and others from Xi’an Jiaotong University, which has a good absorption effect on the pulsation with a frequency of 112-288Hz. And compared with conventional accumulators, its attenuation bandwidth is wider.
② Combining the existing accumulator theory with new analysis methods and control theory, etc., to innovate theoretically, that is, based on the existing theory, adopt more advanced research methods and methods to obtain more valuable theoretical results . For example, Chen Zhaodi from Harbin Institute of Technology and others used the bond graph theory to analyze the impact of accumulators on the pressure shock of the pipeline system. They established a dynamic mathematical model of the accumulator by using the bond graph theory, proved the suppression effect of the accumulator on the pressure shock, and put forward a valuable theory on the function of the accumulator to absorb the pressure pulsation. This method can also be extended to the dynamic analysis of other hydraulic systems containing accumulators.
③ Based on the existing accumulator theory and hydraulic system theory, combined with the emerging new design and calculation software as supporting software, the software for accumulator circuit auxiliary design and calculation or testing is developed. For example, the Sharp EL512 calculator launched by Par.ker Hannifin Corp can help users select accumulator parameters.In addition, Wu Xiaoming and others from Yanshan University, on the basis of sufficient research on accumulators and their theories, use the theory of “embedded” expert systems to intelligently develop accumulators and their circuit software. The accumulator and its circuit aided design software thus obtained can help system designers to choose a suitable accumulator easily.At present, there is still a lack of very effective methods for the characteristic testing of accumulators, which directly leads to imperfect parameters of accumulators, unclear dynamic characteristics, and vague understanding of attributes such as the best working area of accumulators. This brings great difficulty to the selection of the accumulator, and indirectly leads to selection errors. In addition, the selection system cannot accurately determine it according to the dynamic characteristics of the hydraulic circuit, such as nitrogen filling pressure. That is to say, the matching problem of accumulator parameters and application environment has not been solved fundamentally. Therefore, the development of dynamic performance testing technology of accumulator has great practical value.Apply virtual instrument technology to the test of accumulator. This will give full play to the simple, fast, efficient and accurate characteristics of virtual instrument technology in detection. And accurately test the performance dynamic parameters of the accumulator, so that the system is suitable for the performance characteristics and use requirements of the accumulator. The performance curves of accumulators with different specifications can be obtained through on-line and simulation tests of accumulators.
The first batch of graduates majoring in hydraulics after the national college entrance examination resumed
(The seventh from the right in the back row is Wu Xiaoming)
Image source: Yanda Hydraulics
With the development of the hydraulic system, the requirements of the system are getting higher and higher. The basic theory and structure of the existing accumulator can no longer meet the development of the research on the hydraulic system and hydraulic components. The main reason is that most of the existing basic theories of accumulators were established in the 1970s and 1980s, and were obtained through experience summarization. Therefore, many of these theories are empirical, neither standardized nor unified, and can only play a preliminary guiding role in system design. The actual use depends on the continuous debugging and selection of the staff. Moreover, the structure of the existing accumulator determines that after it is installed on the system, its own parameters cannot be changed according to the system requirements to meet the different needs of the system. This has brought obstacles to the study of hydraulic systems and the application of hydraulic systems in engineering practice.
Note: The article comes from “Accumulator Practical Technology”
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Post time: Dec-19-2022